![]() The Cullinan Mine is famous for The Cullinan diamond, the largest rough gem-quality diamond ever found, at 3106.75 carats. This waste contains radioactive uranium in trace amounts, which when inhaled, induces serious health conditions like lung cancer. Solid wastes are produced after gold is divided from its ore, and these materials are usually put into enormous dumpsites, while liquid waste is amassed in a pit. Other sources of environmental issues in South Africa include agricultural practices and a lack of inland water. South Africa has mined its countryside for more than a century, and that long legacy of mining has taken a major toll on the country’s environment. Eventually, the coastal plain gives way to a mountainous escarpment that leads to a high inland plateau. With a 1,500-mile coastline that wraps around the southern tip of Africa, South Africa’s narrow, low-lying coastal zones dominate much of the country’s geography. The country’s growing affluence has also led to a period of rapid urbanization. Over the last two decades, South Africa’s economy has been bolstered by healthy high-tech equipment and heavy machinery industries. ![]() In 1994, Nelson Mandela became president of a South Africa defined more by equality than inequality. From 1948 to 1991, South Africa's political system was defined by apartheid – a policy of severe racial segregation. The country’s economy was largely based on farming until the late 19 th century when the discovery of enormous gold and diamond deposits changed everything. ![]() Originally established as a stopover point for Dutch traders on the spice route to the Far East, South Africa has overcome a number of massive obstacles to emerge as a modern economic powerhouse. ![]()
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